Digital transformation and value chains: Introduction

Creating Value – When Digital Meets Physical Digital Transformation of Supply Chains

Digitization has touched upon all aspects of businesses, including supply chains and operating models. Today, technologies such as RFID, GPS, and sensors have enabled organizations to transform their existing hybrid (combination of paper-based and IT-supported processes) supply chain structures into more flexible, open, agile, and collaborative digital models. Unlike hybrid supply chain models,...

Introduction: Globalisation, Value Chains and Development

Globalisation has become a catchword for the international economy in the late 20th century. It is a truism that nations have become more interdependent through the flows of goods, services, and financial capital since the 1 970s. The growing importance of export-oriented industrialisation has made integration into the global economy virtually synonymous with development for a number of nations...

Digital Value Chains for Cabon Emission Credits

The reduction of greenhouse gases (GHGs), including carbon dioxide (CO2 ), has become one of the most serious issues in the world today to build a sustainable world. Digital economy have several contributions to the reduction of GHG emissions. Among them,Carbon credits is one of the most important and effect approach to reducing the amount of GHG emissions, where carbon credits are generated by...

Markov Chains: Introduction

Introduction of Koi Fish culture and its economic value

Koi is one of the ornamental fish that lives in freshwater streams, lakes and lagoons. Geographical evolutionists believe that its origins from central Asia and Iran. The Koi Fish are benthivore. It was famous in the name of Magoi in the Old Persian Empire. The Japan and China have imported this fish from Persian Empire and started to cultivate them many years ago. The red and white koi fish ar...